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I.I 


11.25 


2.5 


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^   1^    12.0 


2.2 


18 


JA  111  1.6 


Photographic 

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The< 
to  th 


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Coloured  covers/ 
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Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
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poss 
of  th 
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the  I) 
sion, 
othei 
first 
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or  illi 


The  I 
shall 
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whic 

Maps 
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entin 
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right 
requi 
meth 


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10X  14X  18X  22X 


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_y 

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tails 

du 
sdifier 

une 
nage 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
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L'exemplaire  film*  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
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Bibliothkiue 
Agriculture  Canada 

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filmage. 

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originaux  sont  filmte  en  commenqant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'Mlustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
dernlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  Ie 
cas:  Ie  symbols  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  Ie 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  fttre 
tilmte  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  Ie  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  f  ilm6  A  partir 
de  I'angle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  Ie  nombre 
d'images  n6cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m6thode. 


rata 

D 


lelure. 


3 


32X 


1  2  3 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

HA 


AN   A 
SI 


t? 


THE    LEAF-COLLECTOR'S 
I   ■  HAND-BOOK    and    HERBARIUM 


AN  AID  IN  THE   PRESERVATION   AND  IN    THE   CLAS- 
SIFICATION   OF    SIECIMEN     LEAVES    OF   THE 
TREES    OF    NORTHEASTERN    AMERICA 


BY 


CHARLES    S.  NEWHALL 

AUTHOR  OF  "the  TREES  OF  NORTHEASTERN  AMERICA,"  HTC. 


ILLUSTRATED 


G.  P.  PUTNAM'S    SONS 

NEW    YORK  LONDON 

.7  *   »g   WEST  TWENTY-THIRD   ST.      27   KING    WILLIAM    ST.,   STRAND 

^t  Snithcrbothfr  |J«as 
1892 


COPYRIGHT,    189I 
BV 

CHARLES  S.  NEWHALL 


.  List 

i 

Pref, 

DlRE( 

A  List 
Gum 

FiGUI 
Le 


tCbe  UnJcRerbocfter  ptese,  tkevti  llJorl 

Electrotyped,  Printed,  and  Bound  by 
G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons 


Index 

rUMM 


Ic  6 


CONTENTS. 


List  of 

Illustrations 

PAOB 
V 

Preface 

• 

•         •         . 

ix 

Directions 

•         «         • 

• 

XI 

List  of 

Genera 

•         •         •         • 

xiii 

Guide  and  Descriptions 

xiv 

Figures 

and  Leaves 

1-209 

Leaves,  simple  ;  alternate  ;  edge  entire    . 

3 

n 

"    toothed 

»7 

1( 

"    lobed    . 

83 

opposite  ;      "     entire    . 

117 

« 

toothed 

127 

« 

"     lobed     . 

131 

indeterminate  .... 

'43 

compound 

;  feather-shaped  ;  alternate  ; 

edge  entire    . 

161 

« 

(«                     « 

'*      toothed, 

171 

it 

opposite  ; 

"     entire  . 

191 

« 

«                     « 

toothed, 

191 

Index 

« 
•           • 

hand-shaped ;          " 

«           « 

205 

Gummed 

Paper 

•          I 

' 

213 

iii 


\C6  70 


f  I 

i    I! 


Figui 

Figui 

Figui 

Figui 

Figur 

Figur 

Figur 

Figur 

Figur 

Figun 

■Figun 

Figun 

Figun 

%iguft 

Figure 

Figure 

figure 

Figure 

Figure 

Figure 

Figure 

Figure 

Figure! 

Figures 

Figure 

Figure 

Figure 

Figure 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Figures  i  and  2.— Cucumber  Tree  and  Sweet  Bay 
Figure  3. — Umbrella  Tree 
Figure  4. — Papaw 

Figure  5. — Red  Bud     . 

:  Figure  6.— Sour  Gum  . 
^Figure  7. — Persimmon 
I  Figure  8.— Sassafras  . 
|Figure  9. — Basswood  . 
^Figures  ro  and  11.— Hollies 

Figure  12.— Wild  Black  Cherry 
fFigure  13.— Wild  Red  Cherry 

Figure  14.— Wild  Plum 
;f'igure  15.— Crab-Apple       . 

figure  16.— White  Thorn  and  Fruit 
l^igure  17.— Black  Thorn  . 
ffigure  18.— Common  Thorn 

Figure  19.— CocKspuR  Thorn 

IFigure  20.— Shad-Bush 

figure  21.— Sorrel  Tree 

figures  22  and  23.— White  Elm 

Figure  24.— Hack  BERRY 

figure  25.— Red  Mulberry 

figure  26.— Button  wood 

figures  27  and  28.-White  Birch  and  Paper  Birch 

figures  29  and  30.-RED  Birch  and  Yellow  Birch 

figure  31.— Sweet  Birch 

figure  32— Hop-Hornbeam 

figure  33.— Hornbeam 

igure  34.— Chestnut. 


and  Slippery 


Elm 


3 
5 
7 

9 

II 

13 
*S 
19 
21 

23 

23 

25 
27 

29 
ag 

31 

33 

35 

37 

39 

41 

43 

45 

47 

49 

SI 

53 

55 

57 


I 


VI 


Ilhcstratio7ts. 


'I 


OF  Gl 


LEAD 


Figure  35. — Beech 

Figure  36. — Black  Willow 

Figure  37. — Scythe-Leaved  Willow 

Figure  38. — Shining  Willow 

Figure  39. — Long-Beaked  Willow 

Figures  40,  41,  42,  and  43.— White  Willow,  Yellow  Wii 

Weeping  Willow,  and  ('rack  Willow 
Figure  44. — Aspen 
Figure  45. — Large-Toothed  Aspen 
Figure  46. — Downy-Leaved  Poplar 
Figure  47. — Cottonwood    . 
Figures  48  and  49. — Balsam  Poplar  and  Balm 
Figure  50. — Lombardy  Poplar   . 
Figure  51. — Silver-Leaf  Poplar 
Figure  52. — Tulip  Tree 
Figure  53. — ^White  Oak 
Figure  54. — Post  Oak 
Figure  55. — Burr  Oak 
Figure  56. — Swamp  White  Oak  . 
Figure  57. — Chestnut  Oak 
Figure  58. — Yellow  Chestnut  Oak 
Figure  59. — Black  Jack  Oak 
Figure  60. — Spanish  Oak 
Figure  61. — Scarlet  Oak 
Figure  62. — Black  Oak 
Figure  63. — Red  Oak  . 
Figure  64. — Pin  Oak    . 
Figure  65. — Willow  Oak 
Figure  66. — Shingle  Oak 
Figure  67. — Sweet  Gum 
Figure  68. — Flowering  Dogwood 
Figure  69. — Alternate-Leaved  Dog' 
Figure  70. — Fringe  Tree 
Figure  71. — Catalpa   . 
Figures  72  and  73. — Black  Haw  and  Sweet  Viburnum 


wood 


low, 


59 
61 

63 
65 
67 

69 
71 
73 
75 
77 

79 
81 
81 

85 
87 
89 
91 
93 
95 
97 
99 

lOI 

103 

105 
107 

109 

III 

"3 

"5 
119 

121 

123 

129 


;^#' 


PAOB 

59 
6i 

63 
65 
67 

69 

71 

73 

75 

77 

79 
81 

81 

85 
87 

89 
91 
93 
95 
97 
99 

lOI 

103 

105 
107 
109 
III 
"3 

"5 
119 

121 

123 

125 
129 


Illustrations. 

Igure  74. — Striped  Maple 

igure  75, — Sugar  Maple  . 
Ifigure  76, — Black  Maple  . 
figure  77. — Silver-Leaf  Maple 
figure  78. — Red  Maple 
f'igures  79,  80,  81,  and  82. — Gray  Pine,  Scrub  Pine,  Table 
^  Mountain  Pine,  and  Red  Pine 

Pigurcs  83,  84,  and  85. — Yellow,  Pitch,  and  White  Pine 
jfigures  86  and  87. — Black  Spruce  and  White  Spruce 
jigure  88. — Norway  Spruce       .... 

yigure  89. — Hemlock 

figures  90  and  91. — Balsam  Fir  and  Larch 
j|igures  92  and  93. — White  Cedar  and  Arbor  ViTiE 
)|igure  94. — Red  Cedar 

■O' 

jfigure  95. — AlLANTHUS 

iPigure  96. — Locust,  Yellow 
jpgure  97. — Kentucky  Coffee-Tree 
ISgure  98. — Honey  Locust 
||Igure  99. — Stag-Horn  Sumach 
]^gure  TOO. — Poison  Sumach 
i^gure  loi. — Mountain  Ash 

Sgures  102  and  103. — Black  Walnut  and  Butternut 
Ifigure  104. — Shag-Bark  Hickory 
^gure  105. — Mocker-Nut 
I|gure  106. — Small-Fruited  Hickory 
^gure  107. — Pig-Nut  Hickory 
i|igure  loS. — Bitter-nut     . 
l^gure  T09. — Ash-Leaved  Maple 
re  no. — White  Ash 
;ure  m. — Red  Ash 


Igure  1x2. — Green  Ash 
^ure  113.— Blue  Ash 
||gure  1 14. — Black  Ash 
Ipure  115. — Sweet  Buckeye 
l^gure  116.— Ohio  Buckeye 


Vll 

rAOS 
>33 
>35 
J37 
139 
M> 

M5 
M7 
H9 
151 
>53 
»55 
»57 

»59 
163 

'65 
167 

169 
»73 

175 
177 

179 
181 
183 
185 
187 
189 

193 

195 
197 

199 

201 

203 

207 

209 


Iff 


il 


T 
ages 
portal 
mer 

Tl 
|rom 
%ith  J 

Hi 

consul 

*Th 


N 


PREFACE. 


The  leaves  described  and   pictured  in  fhe  following 
^ages  represent  all   the  native  trees,   and  the   most  im- 
portant introduced  and  naturalized  trees  of  Northeastern 
.  merica,* — with  the  few  exceptions  named  on  page  213. 
;f      Those    species    are    considered    trees    (in    distinction 
Irom  shrubs)  which,   as  a  rule,  spring  from  the  ground 
;|»'ith  a  single  branching  trunk.f 

How  to  use  the  book  will  be  readily  understood  by 
)nsulting  the  following  directions. 

•  The  names  of  introduced  and  naturalized  species  are  enclosed  in  brackets, 
f  "  Trees  of  Northeastern  America,"  page  4. 


IX 


ill! 

MM 


have  b( 
stems  1 
places 
of  gum 
;  Th( 
are  Ian 
by  sect 

tacked 
a  sahif 
mcrcasi 

A-  J 
collectii 

name  ol 

5-   I 
young 

seldom 

exactly 

younge 

♦Iffui 
woik  on  " 

i"Th 


DIRECTIONS. 


I.  How  to  find  the  najucs  o/  specimens. — Compare  any 
^en  specimen,  first  with  the  descriptions  in  the  "  Guide," 


pages  xiv  and  xv,  and  then  with  the  illustrations  to 
which  the  "Guide"  directs.* 

.i  2.  How  to  mount  specimens. — When  the  specimens 
hm^e  been  pressed  and  thoroughly  dried,  and  all  their  thick 
sterns  removed  or  pared,  they  should  be  fastened  in  their 
places  opposite  the  corresponding  illustrations,  with  strips 
of  gummed  paper  an  eighth  of  an  inch  or  less  in  width.f 

^i  The  compound  leaves  and  the  simple  leaves,  when  they 
^  larger  than  the  allotted  space,  should  be  represented 
bj^sections  of  the  leaf. 

■  3.  How  to  preserve  specimens. — If  the  collection  is  at- 
tacked by  insects,  each  leaf  should  be  brushed  lightly  with 
2l  '^^aturated  solution  of  corrosive  sublimate  and  alcohol, 
tfi^cascd  by  two  thirds  more  of  alcohol 

4.  A^£?/^^.— Interest  and  value  will  be  added  to  the 
collection  if  full  memoranda  are  kept  of  dates,  localities, 
n^e  of  the  finder,  incidents,  characteristics  of  the  tree,  etc. 

5.  It  should  be  remembered  that  leaves  from  vigorous 
young  sprouts  are  not  usually  the  best  specimens.  It  is 
seldom  that  two  leaves,  even  upon  the  same  mature  branch, 
exactly  agree,  but  they  follov;  the  type,  while  often  the 
younger  growth  varies  from  it. J 

*  If  fuller  descriptions  and  comments  are  desired,  they  can  be  found  in  the  author's 
WOik  on  "  The  Trees  of  Northeastern  America." 

t  A  supply  of  gummed  paper  will  he  found  at  the  end  of  the  volume. 
%  "  The  Trees  of  Northeastern  America,"  p.igc  4. 


i 


Magnolia 
Aslmina 
Cerc|»  . 


Dioip^ros 

Sdsssfras   . 


/ 


I 


'i 


'« 


Tjlia    . 

Ilex 

Pruaus 

Pyrui  . 

Crad^us 
Amd^nchier 
Oxy44ndrum 
Ulilitis 
Cclt^   .     . 
Mon»  .    . 
BrouiBon^tia 
Plitanus    . 
Situk.    . 
6strya  .     . 
Carplnus   . 
Castinea   . 
Fagua  .     . 
Salix     .     . 
Pdpulus 


II 


m 


LIST  OF  GENERA. 


A—/ 


Asioiina 
Cerois  . 

Nysaa  . 
DioJp^ros 
Sdsstfras   , 


// 


Tilia    . 

Ilex 

Prunus 

Pyrm    . 

Cratilgus 

Amdiinchier 

Oxydindrum 

Ulmtts 
Celtis   . 
Moras  . 

Brotutson^tia 
Plitanus 
BdtuU  . 
6strya  . 
Carplnus 
CasUnea 
Fagus  . 
Salix 
Pdpulus 


3 

7 

9 

II 

13 
15 


19 

21 
23 

27 
29 

35 
37 
39 
41 
43 
43 
45 
47 
53 
55 
57 
59 
69 

71 


in  (a) 


Liriodendron 
Quercus     . 


(10 


Liquidamber 


85 
87 


115 


B— / 


Cornus un 


Chiondnthus 


123 


Catalpa 125 

// 

Viburnum 

III 


Acer 


Larix    .     .     . 
Chamasc^paris 
Thuya  . 
Juniperus 


129 


133 


Pinus 145 

Plcea  .... 

Tsuga  .... 

Abies  .... 


149 

153 
155 


D— / 


AiI4nthus  .     . 
Roblnia     .     , 
Gymnocladus 
Gledltschia    . 


PAGE 

155 
157 
157 
159 


163 

165 

167 
169 


// 


Rhus i^g 

Pyus 127 

Juglans lyg 

Hicoria igi 


E— /— // 


Negundo 103 

Fr^xinus igg 


^sculus 207 


GUIDE. 


0) 

a, 

a 

tn 


-4-1 

C 
u 


C/3 


ed^e  entire.  Go  to  A — / 

toothed.  "      A—// 

Lobes,  entire.      Go  to  A—///  f  <! 


a.  ] 

Oh 


"     ^o^^^  I  Lobes',  toothed.       "      A—///  ^^ 

edge  entire.         Go  to  B — / 
"     toothed.  "       B— // 

Lobes,  entire.      Go  to  "6—111  (a 


lobed  ]  Lobes'  toothed.       "       B— ///  ('j 


l^  Indeterminate. 


Go  to  C— / 


"13 

C 

O 

6 

o 


1  +->• 

(J     r- 


alternate,     edge 


entire, 
toothed. 


opposite,      e 


J       C  entire, 
^g^  I  toothed. 


C/iQ    ( 


I 


S  a.i  opposite, 

I 


edge     toothed. 


Go   to    D-i 

Go    to    E-i 
"         E— i 


Go    to    F- 


-S 


*  The  leaflets  of  a  compound  leaf  can  be  distinguished  from  a  simple  leaf  b; 
absence  of  leaf.buds  from  the  base  of  their  stems. 

+  Referring  to  the  arrangement  of  the  leaves  on  the  branch. 
X  E.  g.,  as  in  the  hickories,  sumachs,  etc. 
%  E.  g.,  as  in  the  horse-chestnut,  etc. 

xiv 


r 
5 


i<i: 


%' 


\4\ 


^ 

M 

M 

m 

w 

m 

!^ 

'^i4 

'^ 

GUIDE  (Continued). 

Note.— Names  in  italics  are  given  also  under  another  division. 


to  A—///  {o. 
h—III  (I 


,  to  B— ///  (i 
"       B— ///  (l 


Go   to    D-i 
D-i 

Go    to    E-i 
"         E— i 


Go    to    F- 

from  a  simpl«  leaf  M 
ich. 


A-/ 

gnolias 
paw 
1,  sour 
is-tiee 
simmon 
safras  . 
i.,  willow 

■  vood,  alt.  leaved 
fi/ow,  long-beaked 


CAGE 
6-8 
10 
12 
12 
l6 

i8 
126 
136 

78 


III  (a) 


II 

B||Bwoods  .  . 

Hfliuics     .  .  . 

Cherries   .  .  . 
Plum   .... 

Caib-apple  .  . 

Tl|»ms    .  .  . 

Sl^d-bush  .  . 

Soirel-tree  .  . 

Ebos  .... 

Hickbcrry  .  . 
lipberry.  .  . 
Nwbcrry,  paper 
Button-wood 
Bilthes  .  .  . 
Hwibeatn,  Hop 
Ht^beam  .  . 
CltBstnut  .  .  . 
Be«ch  .... 
Waiows  .  .  . 
Poplars  .  .  . 
Oaks,  chestnut  . 


22-24 
24-26 
27-28 
30 
32 
34-38 
40 
42 

44-47 
48 

50 
52 
53 

55-(i2 
64 
66 
68 
70 

72-83 

84-94 
.   lOI 


Tulip-tree      .     .     . 

.     98 

Oaks 

.    lOI 

Sassafras       .     .     . 

.     18 

Button-wood .     .     . 

•     53 

(b) 

Gum,  sweet   .     .     . 

.   130 

Poplar,  silver-leaf  . 

•     94 

Mulberry  .... 

•     50 

Mulberry,  paper 

•     52 

Oaks 

.    lOI 

D— / 

PACK 

Ailanthus  ....  186 
Locusts  .  .  .  188-rgo 
Coffee-tree,  Kentucky,  190 
Locust,  honey  .  .  .  ig2 
Sumach,  poison      .     .  198 


B— / 

Dog-wood,  flowering 
Fringe-tree    .     .     . 
Catalpa     .... 


II 

Black  haw      .     . 
Viburnum,  sweet 


134 
138 
140 


144 
146 


ni(a) 

Maples      .     .     .     148-156 


C— / 

Pines,   cedars,  spruce, 
etc 160 


II 

Sumach,  staghoru 
Ash,  mountain  . 
Walnut,  black  . 
Butternut  .  . 
Hickories .  .  . 
Locust,  honey 


.  .  196 
.  .  200 
■  .203 
.  .  204 
206-214 
.     .  192 


E— / 
Ash,reda.ni.wkite,  220-222 

II 

Ash-leaved  maple    .     .218 
Ash,  black,  blue,  green, 
red,  and  white  .  220-228 


F— / 

Buckeyes  .     ,     . 
Horse-chestnut  . 


232-234 
■     •  234 


Lea  VI 

A  (. 


olias 
aw 
,  sour 
,s-tree 
;immon 
fras   . 
willow 
00(1,  a 
iu,  Ion 


Ulo 


II  (ea 


Hlfekberry 
Ml^berry  . 
Btri^onwood 
Birches     . 
Hornbeam,  ] 
Hornbeam 
Chestnut  . 
Beech  .    . 
WiUows    . 
Poplars 
<^^,  chestni 


::|HI 


4S5 

w 
i 


Guide. 

GUIDE   (Continued). 


XV 


Note.— Names  in  italics  are  given  also  under  another  division. 


Leaves — Simple 


A  (alternate) 
I  (edge  entire) 


Clib-apple 

Tl»riis 

Slukl-bush 

Sofcrel-tree 

Eils  .  . 
kberry 
Berry  , 

Bttttonwood 
Birches     . 
Hornbeam,  Hop 
Hornbeam 
Chestnut  . 
Beech  ,    . 
WUlows    . 
Poplars 
Oaks,  chestnut 


H^nolias 

^^       ■     ■ 
Q$tn,  sour 

Jndas-tree 

Pgprsimmon 

Saisafras   .     . 

O^,  willow  . 

vood,  alt. -leaved 

Vlt>7v,  lon"-beaked 


J  I  (edge  toothed) 


PAGB 
3 

7 
II 

13 
15 

III 

121 

67 


///  C'dge  lobed) 
(a)  (lobes  entire) 


PAGE 

■  85 

•  99 

•  15 

■  45 


Tulip-tree      .     , 

Oaks 

Sassafras 

Button-wood   .... 

(b)  (lobes  toothed) 

Gum,  sweet   ....  115 

Poplar,  silver-leaf   .     .  81 

Mulberry 43 

Oaks RR 


19 
21 
23 
25 
27 
29 

35 
37 
39 
41 
43 
45 
47 
53 
55 
57 

59 
61 

79 
95 


B  (opposite) 

I  (edge  entire) 

Dogwood,  flowering 
Fringe-tree 
Catalpa     .... 

//  (edge  toothed) 

Black  haw     .     .     .     , 
Viburnum,  sweet     .     . 

///  (edge  lobed) 

(a)  (lobes  entire) 

(b)  (lobes  toothed) 
Maples 132 


119 
123 

125 


129 
129 


Leaves — Compound 

I    feather-shaped 

D  (edge  alternate) 

I  (entire) 

FACE 

Ailanthus 163 

Locusts X65 

Coffee-tree,  Kentucky.  167 
Locust,  honey  .  .  .  169 
Sumach,  poison .     .     .175 

//  (edge  toothed) 

Sumach,  staghorn 
Ash,  mountain    . 
Walnut,  black    . 
Butternut .     .     . 
Hickories . 
Locust,  honey 


173 

177 
179 

179 

181 

169 


C  (indeterminate) 
I 
Pines,    cedars,    spruce, 
^^^ 145 


E   (opposite) 

I  (edge  entire) 

Ash,  red  and  white       .    190 

//  (edge  toothed) 

Ash-leaved  maple   .     .193 
Ash,  black,  blue,  green, 
red,  and  white,     195-203 


2   hand-shaped 

F  (opposite) 

J  (edge  toothed) 


Buckeyes  .     , 
Horse-chestnut 


267 
209 


m 


'i  ^ 


1 


I   '1 


-1 

M 
M 


'REES  WITH   SIMPLE   LEAVES 


m 


LEAVES   ALTERNATE 

(EDGE  ENTIRE) 
A    I 


IE  I 
ifii! 


M 


llli 


!i 


V,] 


III 

•i  !f 


Fig.  I.— Cucumber  Tree.    (M.  acuminata,  L.) 
Fig.  2.— Sweet  Bay.    (M.  glauca,  L.) 

NATURAL    SIZE. 


:  )  i) 


\ 


mk 


/ 


Fig.  3.— Umbrella  Tree.     (M.  tripfetala,  L.) 

ONE    THIRD    NATURAL    SIZE. 


w 


'il 


H 


Fig.  4.— Papaw.    A.  triloba  (L.),  Dunal. 

UEAF,    NATURAL  SIZE.     FRUIT,   TWO  THIRDS    NATURAL  SIZB. 


■Pi 


m 


I  '  I' 


•  -".r.ii 


li&liiliiit 


P' 


Pig.  S-— Red  Bud.     (C.  Canadensis,  L.) 

NATURAL   SIZE. 


Ml 


'•i  1-1' i 


,,  it -ill 
i\  'i  lit 
I'  '.'.  «ii 


Fig.  a.— Sour  Gum.    (N.  sylvitica,  Ms  sh.) 

NATURAL  SIZE. 


1 

m 

i 

■ii 

'^ 

Wm 

I 


ti 


v\ 


'I!   ;t;!ii 


Fig.  7'— Persimmon.    (D.  Virginiina,  L.) 

NATURAL   SIZE. 


-'Ml 


M 

■1 

I 

|1jSh|  B' 

Fig.  8.— Sassafras.    (S.  officinile,  Nees.) 

NATURAL   SIZE. 


^ 

J 

) 

■    ill 

I 

h 


■1 

■ 

J, 

' '  1  fl^^^H 

|: 

Hi'  '  ) 

1 

i 

'I 

i 

rif  ■ .  « 


< 


I  IMS  I 

iiii 


M 


i 


TREES  WITH  SIMPLE  LEAVES 

LEAVES    ALTERNATE 

CONTINUED 


■ 


(EDGE    TOOTHED) 


A   II 


m 


% 


Fig.  9.— Basswood.    (T.  Americana,  L.) 

NATtJRAL    SIZE. 


; 
; 

i 

! 

1 

i 

i 

f 
f  ■ 

.  ...^ 

i 
■  i 

I 

i 

■ 

Mm 

dL_   ' 

wT 

(if 

1  , 
'1. , 
.i 

k' 

'jf 

,      !  i 

1 

1 

1 

/ 


1/ 


Si 

i 

j9BV 

Fig.  10 


Fig.  10.— American  Holly.    (I.  opaca,  Ait.) 
Fig.  11.—!,  monticola. 

NATUrSAJ^  SIZE. 


iiiH 

ii  ji>i[j 

1 

'^ 


p 


iiii 


if 


M 


lt\  ! 


.\ 


I 


11 


Wi- 


Fi 

Fig 


^1, 


It     i 


fl  j!' 

I 


Fig.  i2.-Wild  Black  Cherry.     (P.  serdtina,  Ehr.) 
i-ig.  13— Wild  Red  Cherry.    (P.  Pennsylvanica,  L). 

NATUiiAL.   SIZE, 


Fig.  14.— Wild  Plum.    (P.  Americana,  Marsh.) 

NATURAL   SIZE. 


(■     ' 

r 

1 

1 

.\ 


\ 


Fig.  15.— Crab-Apple.    (P.  coroniria,  L.) 

NATURAL    SIZE. 


1 


bb^ 


I'! 


; 


,11 


I      I 


Fig.  i6.— White  Thorn  and  Fruit.   (C.  cocdnea,  L.) 
Fig.  17.— Black  Thorn.    (C.  tomentdsa,  L.) 

NATURAL    SIZEl 


li  i 


iiiiti 


EliM 


:|ii 


fli 


Fig.  i8.— Common  Thorn.    (C.  punctata,  Jac.) 

NAT'JRAL  SIZE. 


l>  I 


"Nii'i 


Fig.   19.— Cockspnr  Thorn.    (C.  crus-galli,  L^ 
NATURAL    SIZE. 


— T3T 


:    J 


'■!;{.  » 


: 

i 

1  :l^ 

','1 

•■  % 

< 

1  f    |i    •  ■,\ 

■ 

% 

Si"  ■  i 

1 

15 

y     ' 

i 

!f 

;1''. 

1 

'1: 

ill 

''ijf-»1l'    m  w'MJWJUWglWHW-l'P^IIWi 


Fig.  31.— Sorrel  Tree.     O.  arbareum  (L.),  D.  C. 

NATURAL    SIZE. 


It'''(t  t  iBWfKK3if:f 

1 

I 


Fig.  23.— White  Elm.    (U.  Americana,  L.) 
Fig.  23.— Slippery  Elm,    (U.  fulva,  Michaux.) 


NA■I■ui^^c   SIZE. 


il 


ilii 


i 


I 


A 


\ 


\ 


I! 


ill 


■'I 


ii 


Fig.  24.— Ilackbcrry.    (C.  occidenUIis,  L.) 

^fA•r■UF<AL.  SIZE. 


^'if. 


m 

If-  HW 


iii 


is 

ii 

1 

£  Sr 

i 

i  :-^ 


*     ' 


Fig.  25.— Red  Mulberry.    (M.  rubra,  L,, 
NATURAL  SIZE. 


1 

Ill 


".ll 

WP 

'Ir 

\l 

t 

i 

1 

,;i'  ■ 

■ 

■I     i'' 

1 

J 

* 

,  ^  ■ 
■  j1 

■!i  ■     I; 


Hi!i 


■  I 

Fig.  26. — Battonwood.    (P.  occident&Ua,  L.) 

NATURAL  size 


1 

1 

1 

1 

I 

1 

M      '  '  t 

11' 

^n 

^M 

1     *s  t 

: 

iw 

^H 

:  1              'ft  im 

H 

1 

fc       i  ^'^''i^m 

^M 

§'           ^'i 

^^1 

»■                                     f  ■  -     S.t'^ 

H 

J      ^.  I/q.^, 

..i_ 

H 

JUlj^.  ^.  ^'^ffw^^BBB^fcj^*'" 

^^^^^^1 

1 

H 

H^^BHn' 

^^^^^1 

^-  ^^^■■H^l 

^^^H| 

<  i 

1'  i 

H 

I 

i 

'V 

^^^g 

,     J 

. 

','  . 

iL._- 

^H 

/ 


Fig.  28 


Fig.  27.- White  Birch.    (B.  populifdlia,  Marsh.) 
Fig.  28.-Paper  Birch.    (B.  papyrifera,  Marsh.) 

NATURAL  SIZE. 


i'  !i  it 


lb, 

,  Tl 

m 

T       (       1. 

1  }• 

■i     t 

' .-. 

)3-i  ia 

(is! 

?m 

m 

'.  •  |T. 

'■■  >  'jpH-flj 

iM 

'^ 


Fig.  30 


Fig.  29.— Red  Birch.    (B.  nigra   L.) 
Fig.  30.— Yellov/  Dirch.    (3.  liitea,  Michaux,  f.) 

NATURAL    SIZE. 


i-,4^ 


<    ,'1 
,     'j 

II  ■ 

m 

"  "1 

1 

'^-:'*^K|fij    '     H 

ifMiiti 

1     1'  ;ii 

ii  ■ 

1     i''.1  ■ 

.    i 

..  ■ 

1 

I  '* 

;  ^-H 

flww*^ 


Fig.  31— Sweet  Birch.    (B.  lenta,  L.) 

NATURAL  SIZE. 


i') 


M'      ! 


-ft '    ,1 

1  ill 

1 

1,   1 

■ .' 

^ 

^Hi    ^1 1  il  1 

^^^^H      K              )     1 f B 

I  '^^- 

WM  .^^ 

■|:  "    ill 

1 

«#.: 


Fig.  32.— Hop-Hornbeam.     O.  Virginiana  (Mill),  Willd. 

tr.  Leaves,     fi.  Fniit. 
NATURAL  sir.r,. 


i 

fj 


1 

um|^E| 

1 

1 

4 

H 

Ufa 

F^ 

if 

i 

Fi 

|!    i 


Fifr  33-— Horabeam.    (C.  Caroliniina,  Walt.) 

a.  Fruit  scales.    6.  Leaves. 

NATURAL  SIZE. 


i         '« 


li-    :       ,    ! 


l'-!l 


f 

J 
i 

i 

K"-     '-^.T  fg-...,i.l. 

k 

HIbui.  ■ 

^^^^^HHH^^^^^^^^^BHir      ^^^p^^ 

■P^l 

I^HI 

Li 

P 

! 

i 

j 

■'!■  ■ 


Fig.34.-Chestaat.    C.  Sati.a  (L.).    var.  Americana  (Michaux).  Sarg 

NATURAL    SIZE. 


if  iV 


:kt      > 

HS 

,i 

m 

11 

[ 

i'  ' 

■\\ 

I 

: 

1     ^ 

IH 

: 

[| 

■!  >■ 

(  <  •! 

^  i'  I 

';> '', 

1 

If 

Hniifii 

!l 
ii 
i] 

1 

Fig.  35— Beech.    (F.  ferruglnea,  Ait.) 

NATURAL,    oiZE. 


] 


^^IH 

ijf^' 

It 


''.!  it"  -' 


I 


lltti 


-It        IL 

VUf'\ 


>    t«j 


» 


&J 


Fig.  36.-Black  Willow.   (S.  nigra,  Marsh.) 
"•  Commonest  form.    6.  Laige  fonn. 
NATURAL   SIZE. 


h.  .  i 


HrUiSl'i 


1! 


h    ;      i      ,■  i! 


4      i 


f  1 

1 

i'  , 

! 

1  ^ 
li; 

i 

%i 


H  I 


liii  i 


Fig.  37.— Scythe-leaved  Will 


ow.    (S.  n.,  var.  falc4ta,  Torr.^ 

a.  Stipules.     ,\  Leaves. 

NATURAL  SIZE. 


i' 


r '  if 


h'l&i 


'  I 


im^' 


1 

.j^ 

1 

lliU    I 


■  illll 


I 


Fig.  38.-Shining  Willow.    (S.  liicida,  Mnhl.) 

NATURAL    SIZE. 


1 

^^■n 

y 

i 

'  J 


IfUi! 


f 

Hi 

U 

HHRni 

i; 

P 

li 

M 

1 L 

j 

1 

T 

f" 

■  1 

r 

r  1 

( 

1 
1 

ipl 


Mi 


^^^^■l 

4 

1 

1 

■"  iiJi! 

1    ' 

1 

1  ^ '- 

^-r' 

m 

''J 

*mm 


Fig.  39.-Long.beaked  Willow.    (S.  rostrita,  Richards.) 

NATURAL    SIZE. 


m\«' 


I  I 


I  i 


'■If 


I 


I     \ 


i    i 


Fif 


Fig.  4 


Fig.  40     /     \ 


Fig.  40.-White  Willow.     [S.  alba,  L  1 
Fig.  4i.-Yellow  Willow.     [S.  a.,  vitelline,  S.  and  B.] 
a.  Young  leaf,     b.  Mature  leaf. 

Fig.  42.-Weeping  Willow.     [S.  Babyldnica,  Ton-n.J 
Fig.  43 —Crack  Willow.     fS.  fragi!is,  L.] 

NATURAL.    SI.'^E 


I 


i     ■ 


li^i 


1 

'f 

r 

i' 

\\\  % 


1 

" 

ll 


w 


m 


ti  4 


i    i  i 


111 


«(■• 


t  ii 


Fig.  44--Aspea.    (P.  tremuloides,  Michx.) 

NATURAL  SIZE. 


■  ••  !^; 

■            1' 

■I 

< 

I, 

;t                .      J 

I 


W!- 


M 


m 


-.  iq  I 


K'  ^  -i 


IfiT!  I 


III 


!^i»!a«aaii-.^.^  Wfuwii! 


Fig.4S.-Large  Toothed  Aspen.    (P.  ^andidentata.  Michx.) 
N/VTUHAI.  SIZE.  ' 


-•1 


^'^^   ^.n%, 


■if 


»»   ' 

n*"* 


.1 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


|50      ""'^^ 


M 

2.0 


IL25  i  1.4 


1.8 


1.6 


a 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


iV 


^v 


f^ 


k 


(il' 


s\ 


y"-^ 

"  ""^     X 

^-\  ^"^ 


»^ 


.<gi,^* 


^^^ 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  87^-4503 


r 

O 


i^ 


V 


Fig.  46.-Downy.leaved  Poplar.    (P.  heteroph>lla,  L.) 

NATURAL    SIZE. 


I  h  ! 


■■f  \. 


II 


!  M 


1 1 


:t..:J.l 


ill  I, 


i 

1 ' 

'   i' 

Fig.  47.-Cottonwood.    (P.  monillfeia.  Ait) 

NATURAL    SIZE. 


^^Riliil 

IHIIwi  jilii 


HM 


m 


H'l 


J 


' '"  ''*rtwft*ftWw»W#fa«MWI 


I  'I 


Fig:.  48.-Balsam  Poplar.    (P.  balsamlfera,  L.) 
Fig.  49.-Balm  of  Gil- d.    P.  b.  cftndicans  (Ait.),  Gray. 

NATUr?AL   SIZE. 


I. 


!     I 


*        'I 


!|  i 


. 

i         ] 
''         i 

i 

1 

t 

'■■ 

[     M 

F!g.  51 


Fig.  SO.-Lombardy  Poplar.     [P.  dilatata,  Ait.] 
Fig.  SI.— Silvcr-Leaf  Poplar.     [P.  alba,  L.] 

NATURAL  SIZE. 


r  '  !(i    i; 


f  I 


E  I 


\l 


TREES  WITH  SIMPLE  LEAVES 
LEAVES  ALTERNATE 


CONTINUED 


(EDGE  LOBED) 
A  III 


:!  i  :  -! 


i  i 


^ 


.•i[i 


Fig.  S2.-Tulip  Tree.    (L.,  tulipifera,  L.) 
inatural  size. 


;i             -        "    ■ 

»^ 

tl 

1 

fi: 

1  i 

1' 

1    '' 

1 
■-,||     1 

% 


^^i; 


n 


(     • 


V- 


i     I 


ill 


ill 


::   . 


I  j, 

i!' 


I     I 


!ti 


t 


i 


■ 

i 

1  1 

i 

il 

ti 

i 

1 
* 

s 

1 
i 

1 

kkin 

ilkii 

i 

1 

■||h|^^^^ 

>  1 

W- 

w 

H 

L 

Fig.  53.— White  Oak.    (Q.  alba,  L.) 

LEAVES   AND   FRUIT   REDUCED   ONE   FOURTH. 


M   " 


,ii   .' 


Ii('^ 


1 

1 

||j|tj|y!!H||:| 

1 

II 

■    ' 

y'-  ■    ^'    •  *f<i' 

m 

!       ; 

' .'-: 

ml 


i 


•JH 

(If- 

n 


m^ 


Hif    ri      .11     ,1  . 


i 

ii 
i 

ill 

ii 

'  ^^ 

F'ff-  54.— Post  Oak.     Q.  minor  (P^arshV  Qarg 
LEAVES    AND    FRUIT    REDUCED    ONE    FOURTH. 


-—II 

; 

1 

i 

1 

iM 


'Hi': 


F'ff-  SS.— Burr  Oak.    (Q.  macrocirpa,  Michx.) 

i.EAVES  AND  FRUIT   REDUCED  ONE  FOURTH. 


|,i3 


'A 

Mi 

^^■^B 

:    1 

:   ' 

■! 

il    '; 

li 

I  • '  1 


■«  1 : 


ti 


H 


I'l 


;!|[| 


'¥ 


!l|  ! 


.>^ 


|\ 


fm 

P 

l^lw  ■BHB  i 

' 

'i^wHl  1 

IJaI 

ifl 

'^i  W^^U 

UlMSiif 

f^'W^Hs'^ 

1^% 

^HBS  i 

iJ'81 

K 

^BBiliji 

1 

' 

1 

Pig.  S7.-Chestnt,t  Oak.    (Q.  prinns,  L.) 

NATURAL  SIZE. 


1 

iiiiii' " 

■111  i.ii-  li     a 


ill  m 


ti> 


i   ! 


m 


.^.ii 


t  ,1 


^!    i  n 


Fig.  S8.-YeIlow  Chestnut  Oak.     Q.  (Muhl.),  Engd. 

NATURAL   SIZE. 


|i'H 

IMIH 

Riiltiillii  !  ,  1 

M 

•  • 

'' 
i 

y 

[i ' 

n        ' 
H 

i 

I 
'  j 
1     ! 

i 

! 


yi'! 


iiii  liliiliii 


Hi 


!;!!! 


I  ' 


k'  iliilliiii 


lllil  illil''' 


■ill  1,1. 


Fig.  59.— Black  Jack.    (Q.  nigra,  L.) 

NATURAL    SIZE. 


H 

1 

1 

i-ii' 

1 

ir 


§1 


HiiMill 


iij 

ill    "  i  ii  I 


' !  I 


/^ 


l!5  ;:i 


t  I 


11 

■s  1 H 

1 

Hi| 

,    h 

I^H 

Hffll 

ti 

II 

'  «l 

'it 

Ite 

jgiinjHj 

f 

'1 

11 

! 

ij 

1 1  *'  i 


S'   li 


I 


iiiJii 


Fie:.  6o. — SnanJoh    C\r,\w        ir\     ii_     ••. 

_  _j _„„,     ^.^,  vuiica-.a,  Wang'.) 

NATURAL  SIZE. 


'•;ff?'lB:f»f'3?i 


i 

1       ! 

1, 

1 
1 
I    ' 

i 

I 
i 

i 
1 

; 

j 

1 

i 

i  i; 

1 

i 

''  il 
1  !i 

•!!l 


liiiiiiiiil 


ill  I 


m 


m^ 


ill  ir 


Fig.  6i.-Scarlet  Oak.    (Q.  cocclnea,  Wang.) 

NATURAL  SIZE. 


IiH! 

:;>';S  H| 

iiiiiift 

n-'M  WU 
frnWu 

Sin 

ilH 

f■^M 

illii 

H 

fmm 

t 

i 

n 

r 


I 


1    I 


i         I 


ill     jt 


'  ,,l,lli 


i 


i* 

'  ih 

I 

i; 

t> 

i! 
H 

i 

i 

^my 

"■~~ 

iiiiimi 


Fig.  62.  a  and  /..-Black  Oak.    (Q.  c..  tinctdria,  Gray.) 

FRUIT  AND  LEAVES  REDUCED  ONE  FOURTH. 


■ 

1 

1 

; 

H  "  i 

nm 

nil 

1 

1 

m 

lii 


I 


;  ;:| 


111 

* 

11 

II 

t 

1 

i,i' 

if 

ill 

' 

'i  i„'i  "I 

ilpl 

; 

1 1 

'i 

1  i 

( 

iiii 

'is 

:?' 


i  -. 

1* 

f 

1 

i 

I 

Ii.. 

III 

k 

LiLuL^i 

■.  ■  ■  iil 

M 


Fig.  63.— Red  Oak.    (Q.  rubra,  L.) 

NATURAL   SIZE. 


ii.iil 


I      i  i  'i'iiqsiiiii 


lu 


lii  t 


;     li 

Ni 

L  ii 

i 


Fig.  64.— Pin  Oak.     (Q.  pnliistris,  D.  Roi.) 

NATURAL   SIZE. 


'Ill 


i| 

■wy^L.     Hi 

■■■■il^ii   ■ 

■■■■Hllii;^  ■■ 

Pi     fi'     ■ 

iif^HIm 

i  IH 

ilHi'B 

lill 

t]' 

ffifflip 

NfiH 

fl'  ^M 

S9'  fiBi«iii:n.tfl 

ii,.j. 

.A.,  ^m 

1 

!i 

;iil!il|ii 

i 

-*!L ,; 

^x^ 

L 

u 

1 

Fig.  6s.— Willow  Oak.    (Q.  Phellos,  L.) 

NATURAL  SIZE. 


11  ->•' 


^^^HBb.  rt 

^B|B»  ■ 

linlll 

HItpl 


ihm 


>i 


Fig.  66.-Shmgle  Oak.    (Q.  i:nbric4ria,  Michx.) 

NATURAL    SIZE. 


iWtipis 

mm 

ifpffi!  ifi-iH 

iijt^ 

: ; 

^mgli 

m 

II! 

'  •  i 

Ii 

;  ■ !  ■      J 

lii 

'  ii' ).    '■' 

i 

■  1  M 

if 

■  r  f     1' 

■ 

1    !    ■ 

!-: 

1 

1 

i 

1 

i 

i 

1' 

1 

1  , 

ii 

kll.i   I 


i  i|ii|ri''"ii 


1 

.  i :;.  1 

1 

i  1  / ! 

*i 

s 

!■"* 


^^^^^H 

m 


Fig  ^7.— Sweet  Gnm.     (L.  styradflua,  L.) 

NATURAL    SIZE. 


ifiiii^'ii 


iihill  cij-.r 


jiii^^iilf 


I ". 


K       ;     II 


I     M 


!       1' 


!^V!i| 


tiniit 


nniii 


■ 


'7(1  |/  !^ 

||  ;,; 

!  ' 

ft*'' 

^i 

ii 

ilii 

i 

. 

ii 

'ii 

1 

I 

\,l  ., 

1 

ih^ 

1 

■ 

J 

.1'  i 

M  ,  il 

TREES  WITH  SIMPLE  LEAVES 


CONTINUED 


LEAVES   OPPOSITE 
(EDGE    ENTIRE) 


B    I 


If  ,    "p 


1 :1 


iilil 


t    1 

'lis 

:  -'  i 

w^H 

1  , 

i 

1 
,  f 

1       '* 

1 1 1 

ii 

i, 

i 

\ 

' 

r 

-iiikJiliii. 

;     i    : 

liiliL 

■ 

'il 

^  -Ii 

kiiiiil 

1 

Fig.  68.— Flowering  Dogwood.    (C.  fldrida,  L.) 

NATURAL  SIZE. 


HI 


ip 

ji 

ill  II 

'iHHl 

li 

:■ 

flni 

i': 

''li 

'k 

*^^ii 

ll.i'h'ui 

lii 

JldUil 

i 

_:d 

ml 

1 

V 


Fig.  69.-AItemate-leaved  Dogwood.    (C.  alternifdiia,  L.  f.) 

NATURAL   SIZE. 


^^^HHH 

, 

'M 

H|| 

f 

^^wl^H 

I 
i 

i 

Hij     t' 

!; 

i 

'iiifii 


Vu 


;    ! 


1   I  «'  I 


8  1  '' 


|IH'(||, 


'i    u 


\  !i 


illilllliiliil!:: 


ii-i'i,:  iie 


Fig.  70.— Fringe  Tree.    (C.  Virg^nica,  L.) 
Natural  size. 


I 


m 

II 

■ 

11 

1 

1 

■HI 

^^^^H]fiflt>w^   W  r  1a%^     ^^^^^1 

ii 

1 

|u       1 

r     IT-  ( 

1               i 

'1 

m 

!  i 


t  Sifi 


J  I 


I  ' 


i 

1  ■^::i 

^lil 

kiJili 

Fig.  71.— Catalpa.    (C.  bignonoides,  Walt.) 

LEAF    AND    FRUIT    REDUCED    ONE   THIRD. 


iiiii 


EH'' Kit 


^M'-^' 


!m 


iiiniiini 


i!. 


!  I 


frK      i 


f   'I  I 


*IJ 


!  I 


iqi  I 


1    'i 


!i  1,1 


I  III!  Ill 


TREES  WITH  SIMPLE  LEAVES 

LEAVES   OPPOSITE 


CONTINUED 


(EDGE   TOOTHED) 
B    II 


1,1 

1     i    ''.'i 

1. ' 

'   ']"' 

Fig.  72.-BIack  Haw.    (V.  prunif^'.ium,  L.) 
F>g.  73.— Sweet  Vibarnum.    (V.  lentigo,  L.) 

NATURAL  SIZE. 


'  flKi^' 

k,.i 

!|| 

■iiifi;!]!' 

'SJ 

MMUyi 

1,  fl 

HH    Bl 

^  ^Bl 

H  H 

i  9 

^B 

1 II 

ll 

H    tm 

'Iw 

H  11 

i  -j    ' 

11 

h 

V  ?i 


'  I  '1 


A  J 


I 


li!     J 


11  i|||!i',ii 
'  '  h\  ii 

1!     I 

^      I   I: 


TREES  WITH  SIMPLE  LEAVES 

LEAVES   OPPOSITE 


CONTINUED 


(EDGE   LOBED) 
B  III 


iiljilllll 

1 

PP^n    mm  RB^Iil' 

, 

'!  3 


I'll 


'  i'l 


mmmi 
^1 


!'■  M 


P»ff-  74-— Striped  Maple.    (A,  Pennsylvanicum,  L.) 

NATURAL   SIZE, 


!l    I 


1  ^ 

iiililil 

tllHll 

it 

i 

ma 

Ml   , 

,1 
i 

'           i 

1 

1    'i  1,1 

t!i; 

1  ^              «l 

f 

1 

^ ;  '„ 

^v 

jL>i.yi 

Ji 

li 

1  (. 

Fig-  75— Sugar  Maple.    (A.  siccharum,  Marsh.) 

NATURAL.    SIZE. 


II  -.!    ; 


iJd^JM 

IT 

*    1 

1 

t.f:^ir:IH:|r 


Ii 


lllllli 


1 

!  If 

Ihl 

1    U  i    ^ 
1      i  i   ^ 

Lii..i,.i„    1. 

f 

i 

1 

Fig.  76.-Black  Maple.    (A.  s.,  var.  nigrum.) 

NATURAL  SIZE. 


1  1 


i'  in 


nil  Ml 


,*l 

Hi  III  III 

1 

k 

i 

L^J. 

t 

hi 

'  *  I 

i<  I  ■ 

II  ill  III 


1 

'■     ! 

pi 

WK  il 

1 

Hi:* 


Pig.  77.-Silver.Leaf  Maple.    (A.  saccharlnum.  L.) 

NATURAL  SIZE. 


1 

"  i 

^f41 

■it..  ,...»^. 

Fig.  78.— Red  Maple.     (A.  rnbnim,  L.) 

NATURAL  SIZE. 


Mil 


i 


'tl 

Inilfr 

^'  1 

HMI 

Pf"i^i, 

I'M 


|1 


ih 


!  !i      .1 


ill     I 


iiiiii 


id 


I 


1^  i 


TREES  WITH  SIMPLE  LEAVES 


CONTINUKD 


LEAVES    INDETERMINATE 


c   I 


;  ill ' 

11. 

1, 

mil 

1 

IV 'pi 

'     1   iH 

ll 

J 

1 

ll 

1 

it 

I 

„ 

i\ 

1 

1 

! 

'  f 

' 

1 

i 

1 

pi 

! 

liik 


'M  tliS 


Fig.  79 


Fig.  80 


Fig.  81 


^■ig.  82 


Fig.  79.-Gray  Pine.    (P.  Banksiina,  Lam.) 

Fig.  8o.-Scrub  Pine.    (P.  Virginiina,  Mill.) 

F.g.  8i._Table  Mountain  Pine.    (P.  pungens.  Michx.) 

Fig.  82.-Red  Pine.    (P.  resindsa,  Ait.) 


natuf^al. 


iil/CE. 


1^ 

1 
1 

r 

1 

1 
1 

t 
! 

1 
1 

i 

1| 

1  ,f 

1 

1       1 

l[ 


I 

illr 


if! 


Hiiilnl 


f'i  i' 

IjtJK 


J 


^; 


Fig.  83.— Yellow  Pine. 
Fig.  84.— Pitch  Pine. 
F»g.  85.— White  Pine 


(P.  ecpinata,  Mill.) 
(P.  rigida,  Mill.) 
(P.  Strobus,  L.) 


NATURAL    SIZE. 


^; 


"  ^'H 

j 

'  !il|  '■ 

■i ;  :  f 

!i 

■!i^ 

, 

J 

i 

:i!l^ 

i 

f 

; 

A^l  i,t  I:!  ii 

, 

ll 

L 

il 

L. 

'-■*^m 

Fig.  86 


Fig.  87 


Fig.  86.-Black  Spruce.    P.  Mariana  (Mill),  B.  S.  P. 
Fig.  87.-White  Spruce.    P.  Canadensis  (Mill),  B.  S.  P. 

NATURAL   SIZE. 


iW 


i   VH 


I  -It. 

1.1 


Uj 

1.    . 

Mi 

^y^ 

■   ■       ■ 
i  ' 

■  ,       ,   1 

i  ■ 

,     {{ 

'       1 ' 

■  :i 

! 

i|i 

id!! 

1     1 

i 

i 

1 

1 

i 
1 

I--' 

1 

1 

'1\\ 

1 

f.il 

1 

i 

]•, 

,"i 

I  I'l' 


Fig.  88.— Norway  Spruce.    [P.  excfelsa.] 

NATURAL  SIZE. 


.V  r. 


i 


III. 


iiii 


iiiiiiti 


'i 

Fig.  89.--HeinIo 


T.  Canadensis  (I..),  Carr. 

N/^TUKAI     SIZE. 


'M 


PS^lx' 


^!l  ■  :  Si 


ti  I 


'^■i...  «K.Mi&^ 


H 


,i 


liiiiiiiii 


■  ■Hi' 


HI 


1!"E'     iJlll;  I'l'dt 


If!  ;■ 


i'    ii 


I  ill 


mm: 


r. 
>  i 


1    t  ivK  i{ 


s 


ll  ll 


Si 


if:. 


li 


Fig.  90.-Balsam  Fir.     A.  balsamea  (L.),  Miller. 
Fig.  9i.-Larch.     L,  laridna  (Du  Roi),  Koch. 

NATURAL    SIZ7Z. 


m 


i 


'■  'I 
It? 


11 


1 

1 

■  ,1  ,i 

1 

1 1 

'  : 

li 

1 

1    1 

1  i  1 

1 

i 

if 

liiill'*'! !' 


Wli 


■  '4   i 
'i  'ill '" 


|:!(! 


^^'niii^i 


.jll 

il! 


i!     SMI 


1P! 


!'!, 


■f  ^. 

i 

■  '"      '■   :'  \ 

I 

li'H^m:  .',.,■ 

:^) 


Fig.  92.- White  Cedar.      C.  thyoides  (L.),  B.  S.  P. 
Fig.  93.— Arbor  Vitae.     (T.  occidentalis,  L.) 

NATURAL    SIZE. 


'lift 


if! 


If 


1 

HT 

~ 

jr  1  !  1 

■•       ^11 

i 

'  i 

■m|ie' 

■ ! ' 

'III 

M 


m 


J 


Bilii 


I 


I 


1 1 


(a>) 


Fig.  94— Red  Cedar,    (J.  Virgini4n«,  L.) 

a.  Young,     b.  Old. 
NATURAL   SIZE. 


!(/" 


4 

1 

1 

'% 

» 

! 

ill 

I          i  : 

:  :  ■■  il 

;  i  .    "..Ft 
;    .     '•   i.  f 

*           ■      ;:  ' 
I    :      ,.    !  ;, 

.i 

TREES  WITH  COMPOUND  LEAVES 

(FEATHER-SHAPED) 


LEAVES   ALTERNATE 

(EDGE    ENTIRE) 
D  I 


ii 


:.,.   il!::. 

rii 


1      !'!l 


i 

1 
lljl 

Q 

1 

1^;  !'i'M 

n     M.     : 

'  1 

It 

' !  '«  ■■ 

iitr. 

^  ] 

"11 

■     I      ' 

fill 

f|^ 

'li'liiMlii 

1              ■                                                                  ■; 

i        jl 

■iii  ''•■;: 

:i  ^   1 

''  il 

W  ^   I 


■ 


H 

W 

'ill 

ill  i  1 

^ 

1 

-t:            t 

!   i 

t¥ 

1 

J 

'..  iii 

■1 

!    ,1 

i 

III 

1 

II 

I 

iMti 

^ 

i&^ 

1 

il 

I 

Fig-  9S-— Ail&nthus.    [A.  glanduldsa,  Desf.] 


NATURAL  SIZE. 


i^- 


^l 

i 

1 

If 

r 

t 

! 

i 

i 

i' 
! 

1; 

^^^B 

i'l 

! 

i     i 

i 

i 
i 

1 

^l!ii 


lilill 


^^:ii 


Fig.  96.— Locust.    (R.  pseudacicia,  L.) 

NATURAL  SIZE. 


I 


-. 

! 

* 

! 

■1 

I 

it 

J 

'/ 

i 

!  1 

1 
) 

i 

'                                   'i'T  'Fiffi 

11 

L 

:     ■ii 

_.    .aI 

i 

^"^J^w 


Fig.  97.-Kentucky  Coffee  Tree.     G.  dlsicus  (L.),  Koch. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


1.0 


I.I 


11.25 


m  Ki  I' 2,2 

Ui    lift 

£  u:  ■'2.0 


1.8 


LL  11.6 


Hiotographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


?3  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  M580 

(716)  87t2-4S03 


^ 


fv 


qv 


# 


lO' 


c\ 


\ 


■<Si 


A 


f/j 


j     |n 


a    I 


*    >< 


Mi)   :i' ! 


HI 


Fig.  98.-Honey  Locust.    (G.  triacanthos,  L.) 

NATURAL   SIZE. 


1 


TREES  WITH  COMPOUND  LEAVES 

(FEATHER^SHAPED) 

LEAVES   ALTERNATE 


CONTINUED 


(EDGE   TOOTHED) 


D    u 


i 


i 


il 


Fig.  99.— Stag-horn  Sumach.    (R.  typWna,  L.) 

NATURAL    SIZE. 


iiusuiitiiil 


!' •  I "  SI  f 


IP' 


Fig.  zoo.— Poison  Sumach.    (R.  venen&ta,  D.  C.) 

NATURAL  SIZE. 


V 


«i 


■  1 1 


Fig.  xoi.— Monntain  Ash.     (P.  Ameridlna,  D.  C.) 

REDUCED    ONE    FOURTH. 


i:|i!'i: 


Bf 


Fig.  102.— Black  Walnut.    (J.  nigra,  L.) 
Fig.  103.— Butternut.    (J.  cin&rea,  L.) 

LEAFLETS  AND  FRUIT  REDUCED  ONE  THIRD 


'l.ll 


,  f 


!it, 


li        < 


m\ 


f  'I  I-  :■  ,  !i 


; 

,i 

li 
i 

'      i 

i 

i 

t 

Fig.  104.— Shag-bark.     H.   ovata  (Mill),  Britton. 

LEAF    AND    FRUIT    REDUCED    ONE   THIRD. 


s^ii 


i- 


i.liimiiiii^ 


nl 

fl         *'. 

\  i^v 

' 

!  ■i 

i  1 

i 

1  i 

1 

i  1 

f 

i^> 

Fig.  105.— Mocker-nut.    H.  alba  (L.),  Britton. 

l-EAK    AND    FRUiT    REDUCED    ONE    THIHU. 


Ifciiiii 


I  I 


ii 


■i  ).,  i! 


m 


Fig.  io6.— Small-fruited  Hickory.    H.  microcarpa  (Nutt),  Britton. 

LEAF    AND    FRUIT     >    TVUCED    ONE    THIRD. 


1 

■ 

(a.) 


Fig.  107,  a  and  *,— Pig-nut.     H.  glabra  (Mill),   Britton. 

LEAF    AND    FRUIT    REDUCED    ONE    THIRD. 


.      W 


I     I    k 


i  . 


1 1 


\  m 


11 
dpi 


1   1 

1 

1 

i  jl  1 

1 

mi 


i*}^ 


Fig.  io8.— Bitter-nut.    H.  minima  (Marsh),   Brittoa. 

LEAF  AND  FRUIT  REDUCED  ONE  THIRD, 


i 


i  i  ' ' 

'l  '  '  ' '  t 

)  I't'  t'l'  'll' 


TREES  WITH  COMPOUND  LEAVES 


(FEATHER-SHAPED) 

CONTINUED 


LEAVES    OPPOSITE 
(EDGE  ENTIRE  OR  TOOTHED) 


E   I.  II 


ii 


Fig.  X09.— Ash-leaved  Maple.    (N.  aceroides,  M.) 

NATURAL.   SIZEL 


■I  ■  !•': 


I     I 

.■•ri  . 


f  ft 


^HiBift? 

i 

^^Btv' 

1 

1 

I 

Hf! 

if  ' 

' 

^^^^Ik  ^ 

i  i. 

•PI 

f 

h-  I, 


I 


iriMM 


Im!I, 


!ti 


Fig.  no.— White  Ash.    (F.  Americana,  L.) 

LEAF    AND    FRUIT    REDUCED    ONE    THIRD. 


I 


Fig.  III.— Red  Ash.    (F.  puWscens,  Lam.) 

LEAF   AND    FRUIT    REDUCED    ONE    THIRD. 


,!.i! 


:!    ii 


!     I! 


Mil 
!!  IPI 
P  ! 


.mMl 


Ml 


Fig.  112.— Green  Ash.    (F.  vlridis,  Michx.,  f.) 

LEAF    AND    FRUIT    REDUCED    ONE    THIRD. 


'mi 


Fig.  113.— Blue  Ash.    (F.  quadrangulllta,  Michx.) 

LEAF    AND    FRUIT    REDUCED    ONE    THIRD. 


i    ■! 


iV 


1  ! 


i  ■ 

',    > 
1 

If              4                i                       : 

1  i   ■ "  i. 

... 

? 

J 
f 

'r:1 

E 

P 

r 

'i 

1  J 
■ 

1^ 

i 

1 

m 

fi  • 


Fig.  114.— Black  Ash.    (F.  sambucif&lia,  Lam.) 

LEAF   AND    FRUIT    REDUCED   ONE   THIRD. 


I    i 


(.    (!       S 


|l« 


m 


TREES  WITH  COMPOUND  LEAVES 

(HAND-SHAPED) 


LEAVES  OPPOSITE 
(EDGE  TOOTHED) 


il> 


il 


1    ,     I 


ll  -*> 


y 

i 

. 

!                       Il 

■      1           '■ 

\ 

I 

J 
1 

":,' 

i 
! 

i 

J 

•>     1 

111 

1   '-.jL.   <.. 

J 

m 


Fig.  IIS.— Sweet  Buckeye.    (JE.  flava,  Ait.) 

REDUCED    ONE    THIRD. 


If! 


f: 


i-' 


Mi 


I 


i'::  \m  : 

mi 


* 


Fig.  ii6.— Ohio  Buckeye.    (IE.  glabra,  Willd.) 

REDUCED   ONE   THIRD. 


NAMES    OF   OMITTED   AND    COMPARATIVELY    UNIM- 
PORTANT TREES. 


Tilia  heterophj'lla.     Vent. 

pubescens.     Ait. 
Pyrus  angustifolia.     Ait. 
Cratcfegus  cocclnea,  L.  var.  mollis. 

crus-galli,  L.  pyracanthif61ia. 
Amelanchier  Canadensis,  L.  var.   T.  and 

G. 
Ulmus  racemosa.     Thomas. 
Celtis  occidentilis,  L.  var.  crassifolia. 
Salix  amygdaloldes.      Anders. 
Quercus  macrocarpa,    Michx.  var.  olivas- 

firmis. 


Quercus  cocclnea,   Wang.   var.  amblgua, 

Gray. 
(Of  nine  hybrid  oaks,  most  are  outside  our 

limits  or  entirely  local.) 
Catilpa  speci6sa.     Ward. 
Roblnia  visc6sa.     Vent. 
Gledltschia  triacanthos,  I.,   var.   inermis, 

and  var.  brachycarpos. 
Rhus  t^phina,  L.  var.  laciniita. 
Pyrus  sambucif61ia 
Hic6ria  sulcata  (Willd).     Britton. 


ill 


«  -  .^^^^^'iS 


I 

:' ;  .tii.M 

INDEX  OF  TREES. 


The  names  of  genera  are  given  in  small  camtals,  of  species  and  varieties  jn 
Roman  type.     The  names  of  introduced  specie',,  are  enclosed  by  brackets. 


Abies  bals^mea 

Acer  Pennsylvinicum    . 

rubrum 

saccharinum 

s&ccharum     .         . 

var.  nigrum 
^SCULUS  flava 

glabra 
[Ailanthus] 

[AilAnthus  glandulosa] 
AmelAnchier  Canadensis 

var.  oblongif61ia 
Arbor  Vits     . 
Ash,  Black 

Blue 

Green     . 

Mountain 

Red 

White     . 
Ash-leaved  Maple 
Asi.MiNA  triloba 
Aspen     . 

l^arge-toothed 


PACE 

155 
133 
141 

I3c» 
135 
137 
207 
209 
163 
163 

35 

157 

203 

201 

199 

177 

197 

195 

193 

7 

71 

73 


Balm  of  Gilead 

79 

Basswood 

19 

Bay  Sweet 

3 

Beech     . 

59 

Bfei  U1.A  lenta 

51 

lutea 

49 

nigra 

49 

PACK 

BfeTULA  papyrlfera           ...  47 

populifolia          ...  47 

Birch,  Paper  .....  47 

Red 49 

.Sweet  .....  51 

White            ....  47 

Yellow          ....  49 

Bitter-nut 189 

Buckeye,  Ohio         ....  209 

Sweet       ....  207 

Butternut 179 

Buttonwood    .....  45 


CarpInus  Caroliniina     ...  55 
CArya.     See  Hic6ria. 
Castanea  sativa,  var.  Americina  . 

Catalpa  .         .         .         .         .         •  57 
Catalpa  bignonoides      .         .         .125 

Cedar,  Red 125 

White           ....  159 

Celtis  occidentalis          .         .  157 

Cercis  Canadensis          ...  9 

Cham^cyparis      ....  41 

thyoides         .         .157 

Cherry,  Wild  black          ...  23 

Wild  red    .         .         .  23 

Chestnut  .         .         .         .         -57 

CiiionAntiius  Virglnica         .         .  123 

CoRNUS  alternifolia         .         .         .  121 

florida        .         .         .         .  iig 

Cottonwood    .....  77 

Crab-apple      .....  27 

Crat.^gus  cocclnea       ...  29 


214 


Index  of  Trees, 


i  1 


i't 


'  t 


m 


>■■  '  i 


PARE 

I'AGE 

Crat/kgus  crus-galli       ...       33 

Hornbeam 55 

punctata        .         .         .31 

Hornbeam,  Hop     ....       55 

tomentisa     .         .         .29 

Cucumber  Tree       ....         3 

I 

CuPREssus.     See  Cham^cVparis. 

Ii.r.x  montlcola       ....       21 

D 

opica 21 

DiosPYROs  Virginiina    .         .         .13 

J 

Dogwood,  Alternate-leaved     .         .121 

Jiici.ANs  cinvrea     ....     179 

Flowering                .         .     i   .;. 

nigra        .         .         .         .179 

E 

\iPERi-s  Virginiina     .         .         .     155 

Elm,  Slippery         ,         .        .         .39 

K 

White 39 

Kentucky  Coffee-Tree    .         .         . .   167 

F 

L 

Fagus  ferruglnea    .         ,         .         .59 

Larch 155 

Fir,  Balsam    .... 

155 

Larix  lariclna 

155 

FrAxinus  Americana      . 

195 

Laurel,  Swamp 

3 

pujiiscens 

197 

Linden,  American  . 

19 

quadrangulka 

201 

LiquidAmbar  styraclflua 

"5 

sambucifolia  . 

203 

LiRiODfeNDRON  tuliplfera 

85 

vlridis    . 

199 

Locust,  Yellow 

165 

Fringe  Tree   .... 

123 

Honey 

169 

G 

M 

GledItschia  triacanthos         .         .     169 

^L\(;N()I.IA  acuminata     ...         3 

Gum,  Sour n 

ash-leaved 

193 

Sweet 115 

glauca  . 

3 

Gymn6clai)Us  dlsicus     .        .        .167 

tripetala 
Maple,  Black 

5 
137 

H 

Red    . 
Silver  Leaf 

141 

130 

Hackberry 
Haw,  Black    . 
Hemlock 

41 
129 

153 

Striped 
Sugar 
Mocker-nut    . 

133 

135 
1S3 

Hickory,  Bitter-nut 

189 

MoRUS  rubra 

43 

Pig-nut    . 

187 

Mountain  Ash 

Vi'l 

Shag-bark 
Small-fruited 

iSi 

185 

Mulberry,  Red 

43 

Hlc^RlA  alba 

183 

N 

glabra 

187 

microc,\rpa 

185 

NEcfrNDo  aceroides        .         .         .     193 

minima    . 

189 

Nyssa  sylvatica      .         .         .         ,11 

ovata 

181 

0 

Holly,  American     . 

21 

Honey  Locust 

169 

Oak,  Black     . 

105 

Index  of  Trees. 


215 


PACK 

I'AGB 

Oak,  Black  Jack     ....      99 

Poi'Ui.us  heterophj-lla     ...       75 

Burr 

91 

monillfera 

■      77 

Chestnut 

•       95 

tremulAides 

•      71 

Pin 

.     109 

Prunus  Americana 

35 

Post 

.       89 

Pennsylvinica 

23 

Red 

.     107 

serotina     . 

23 

Scarlet  . 

103 

Pyrus  Americana  . 

•     177 

Shingle 

•     "3 

coroniria     . 

27 

Spanish 

lOI 

Swamp  white 

•       93 

Q 

White    . 

•       87 

QuERCus  alba         ....      87 

Willow 

III 

bkolor     . 

93 

Yellow  chestnut 
dsTRYA  Virginiina 

97 

cocclnea  . 

7*/ 

103 

53 

"      var.  tinct6ria 

105 

OxYDiiNDRUM  arboreum 

37 

cuneita    . 

lOT 

P 

imbricdria 

"3 

Papaw 7 

iiiacrocilrpa 

91 

Persimmon 

13 
149 

minor 

89 

PiCEA  Canadensis    . 

Muhlenb^rgii  . 

97 

[excelsa] 
Mariana 

149 

145 

nigra 

palustris  . 

99 
109 

Pine,  Gray 

Phellos    . 

III 

J(     ey    . 
Pitch     . 

145 
147 

prinus 
rubra 

95 
107 

Red       . 

145 

R 

Scrub     . 

145 

Table  Mountain 

145 

Red  Bud g 

White    . 

147 

Rhus  typhina         ....     173 

Yellow  . 

147 

venenata       ....     175 

PiNUS  Banksiana     . 

145 

RoBiNiA  pseudacacia       .         .         .     165 

ecpinita 

147 

Q 

pungens 

145 

w 

resin6sa 

145 

Salix  [alba]  ,         .         .         .         .69 

rigida 

147 

[var.  vitelUna] 

69 

Strobus 

147 

[Babylonica] 

69 

Virginiana    . 

145 

frigilis 

69 

PlAtanus  occidentMis    , 

45 

liicida  . 

65 

Plum,  Wild    . 

25 

nigra    . 

61 

Poplar,  Balsam 

79 

var.  falcata  . 

63 

Dov>  ny-leaved    . 

75 

rostrita 

67 

[Lombardy] 

81 

Sassafras 

15 

[Silver-leaf] 

81 

Sassafras  officinale 

15 

POPULUS  [alba] 

81 

Shad-bush 

35 

balsamlfera 

79 

Sorrel  Tree     . 

37 

var 

cindicans 

79 

Sour  Gum 

II 

[dilatita] 

81 

Spruce,  Black 

149 

grandidentita 

73 

[Norway]  . 

151 

2l6 


Index  of  Trees. 


, 

HAr.K     1 

rMB 

Spruce  White           .         .          .         .149 

Umbrella  Tree        ....         5 

Sumach,  Poison       .         .          .         .175 

V 

Stag-horn          ,         .         .173 

T 

VibOrnum  lentigo          .        .              lag 

prunifolium   .                  .     129 

Thorn,  Black          .         .         .         .       29 

Viburnum,  Sweet    ....     129 

Cockspur    . 

33 

W 

Common 

31 

White 

29 

Walnut,  Black                  .         .          .179 

Th(Jya  occidentalis 

157 

Willow,  Black 

61 

TluA  AmericAna    . 

19 

[Crack]      . 

69 

TsUGA  Canadensis 

153 

Long-beaked 

67 

Tulip  Tree     . 

85 

Scythe-leaved 

63 

U 

Shining     . 

65 

[Weeping] 

69 

Ulmus  Americina           ...       39 

[White]     . 

69 

fulva  . 

■ 

39 

[Yellow]    . 

69 

I    ! 


t  i' 


rAOB 

5 


139 
129 
129 


179 
61 
69 
67 
63 
65 
69 
69 
69 


